Question Paper: Turbo Machines : Question Paper Dec 2015 - Mechanical Engineering (Semester 5) | Visveswaraya Technological University (VTU)
0

## Turbo Machines - Dec 2015

### Mechanical Engg. (Semester 5)

TOTAL MARKS: 100
TOTAL TIME: 3 HOURS
(1) Question 1 is compulsory.
(2) Attempt any four from the remaining questions.
(3) Assume data wherever required.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
1 (a) Enumerate the differences between Positive Displacement Machines and Turbomachines with reference to its action, energy conversion process and volumetric efficiency.(6 marks) 1 (b) With usual notations, derive expression for Unit Discharge coefficient, Head coefficient and power coefficient using Dimensional Analysis.(8 marks) 1 (c) The quantity of water available for a hydroelectric power station is 260 m2/sec. The head developed is 1.73m. If the speed of the turbines is 50 rpm and the efficiency 82.5%, find the number of turbines. Assume specific speed to be 760.(6 marks) 2 (a) With usual notations, derive an expression for infinitesimal stage efficiency during compression process with the aid of TS plot.(10 marks) 2 (b) A 9 stage centrifugal compressor has overall stage pressure ratio 2.82. Air enter the compressor at 1 bar and 15°C. The efficiency of the compressor is 88%. Determine the following: i) Pressure ratio of each stage ii) Polytropic efficiency iii) Preheat factor.(10 marks) 3 (a) The velocity of the steam in a De Laval Turbine at the inlet is 1200m/sec. The nozzle angle at the inlet is 22° and blades are equiangular. Assuming relative velocities of the fluid at inlet and exit to be equal and tangential speed of the rotor is 400m/sec. Determine the following: i) Blade angles inlet and exit. ii) Power developed in kW, if mass flow rate is 1kg/sec iii) Tangential force exerted on the rotor blade ring iv) Utilization factor.(10 marks) 4 (a) The total power input at a stage in an axial ? flow compressor with symmetric inlet and outlet velocity triangles (R=0.5) is 27.85 kJ/kg of air flow. If the blade speed is 180m/sec throughout the rotor, draw the velocity triangles and compute the inlet and outlet rotor blade angles. Do you recommend the use of such compressors? Comment on the results you have obtained. Assume axial velocity component to be 120m/sec.(10 marks) 4 (b) An inward flow radial reaction turbine has axial discharge at outlet. The outer blade angle is 45°. The radial velocity of the flow remain constant. Assuming the tangential speed of the rotor at inlet to be twice the tangential speed of the rotor at exit, determine the energy transfer per unit flow depending on mass and degree of reaction. Assume $V_m = \sqrt{2g}.$ if the values of degree of reaction respectively are '0' and '1', what are the corresponding values of energy transfer per unit mass of the fluid?(10 marks) 5 (a) Define a steam turbine. List out the differences between Impulse and Reaction steam turbines.(8 marks) 5 (b) Briefly explain Velocity Compounding.(4 marks) 5 (c) In a reaction turbine, the inlet and outlet blade angles are 50° and 20° respectively. Steam enters at 18° to the plane of the rotor wheel leaves at 40°. The rotor speed is 260m/sec, Calculate the speed ratio, specific work and degree of reaction.(8 marks) 6 (a) Prove that the hydraulic efficiency of Pelton wheel is given by $\dfrac {1+ C_b \cos \beta_2}{2},$ where 'Cb' is Bucket velocity coefficient and β2 is the runner tip angle.(8 marks) 6 (b) Explain the function of a draft tube.(4 marks) 6 (c) An inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge having overall efficiency 80% when power developed is 147 kW. The head is 8m. The peripheral velocity of the fluid is $0.96 \sqrt{2gH}$ and flow velocity of the fluid is $0.36\sqrt{2gH}$. The speed of the rotor is 1500 rpm and hydraulic energy losses is 22% of available energy. Determine the following: (i) Inlet guide vane and blade angles (ii) Diameter of the rotor (iii) Width of the rotor.(8 marks) 7 (a) Define a Centrifugal pump. With usual notations, derive theoretical head ? capacity relationship for a centrifugal pump.(8 marks) 7 (b) What is Cavitation? What are its effects?(4 marks) 7 (c) Show that the pressure rise in the impeller of a centrifugal pump is given by $$\dfrac {P_2 - P_1}{\rho g} = \dfrac {1}{2g} \Big [ V^2_{f_1} +u^2_2 - V^2_{f_2} \text{cosec}^2 \beta_2 \Big],$$ where Vf1 & Vf2 are the flow velocities and β2 is the outlet Blade angle.(8 marks) 8 (a) Explain Surging, Stalling and Slip factor with reference to a compressor.(8 marks) 8 (b) The impeller tip speed of a centrifugal compressor is 370m/sec, slip factor is 0.9, and the radial component at the exit is 35m/sec. If the flow area at the exit is 0.18m2 and compressor efficiency is 88%. Determine the mass flow rate of air and the absolute March number at impeller tip. Assume air density = 1.57 kg/m3 and inlet stagnation temperature is 290K. Neglect the work input factor. Also find the overall pressure ratio of the compressor.(12 marks)