The term co-operation losses its meaning when ‘co-operative’ becomes ‘competitive’ and just a firm of retail shopkeepers, entering into rivalry with either similar co-operatives or private shops. In the issue of licenses, permits, supplies, grants, loans, etc., Government follows a general policy of preferring co-operatives to private organizations. Since government itself is run on party lines, this has led to rival co-operative, one favoured by the party in power and the other trying to checkmate it. To remedy this, one way would be to insist on having only one multi-purpose co-operative in one unit, to eliminate all private dealers in distribution, and to make membership in co-operative society compulsory for every house holder. My feeling is that co-operatives, whether in selling, purchasing, or distributing, should be restricted to carry on their operations for and among their members, only they must not become commission agents or middlemen between non-members on one hand and government or the world on the other. Their purchases must be for the needs of their members only, and not for sale to the public. Their sales to the public must be confined to their own productions. Permits, grants, loans, and other helps should be given to them for proper distribution among their members only.

(i) When does a co-operative lose its proper function?

(ii) What solution has been suggested by the writer to remove rivalry among co-operatives?

(iii) Why should membership be made compulsory for all house holders?

(iv) The word ‘Operation’ in the passage means

(a) a surgical procedure

(b) work

(c) management

(v) The co-operative should purchase thing

(a) for the requirements of their own members

(b) to secure more permits from the Government

(c) to make supply to the Government

(vi) Co-operative should sell only things to the public

(a) which they purchase from the market

(b) which are meant for consumers

(c) which they produce themselves

(b) Summarize the above passage and suggest a suitable title.

1) answer: A co-operative loses its proper function when it starts becoming competitive and when a firm of a retail shops enters into a rivalry with other similar co-operatives or private shops.

2) answer: The author suggests that to remove the rivalry among co-operatives, there should exist only one multi-purpose co-operative in one unit and to make membership in the cooperative society compulsory for every householder in that unit. This would remove all private dealers in distribution.

3) answer: Membership should be made compulsory for all householders because doing so would help remove private dealers in distribution which in turn would remove rivalry and competitiveness among cooperatives.

4) answer: b) work

5) answer: a) for the requirements of their own members.

6) answer: c) which they produce themselves.

7) answer: In the above passage author states different conflicts which co-operative society face between each other and with government. Author also suggested some measures how co-operative society can outcome those problems by avoiding various conflicts.

Suitable title for this passage: "Co-operative And It's Approaches To Conflicts".