Civil Engineering (Semester 4)
TOTAL MARKS:
TOTAL TIME: HOURS
1 (a) What are the purposes of tacheometic surveying?(3 marks)
1 (b) Explain stadia method of tacheometer.(4 marks)
1 (c) The following observations were made using a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens, the multiplying constant being 100 and additive constant is 0 and the staff held vertically
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Inst. Station |
Height Of Inst. |
Staff Station |
WCB |
Vertical angle |
Hair readings |
Remark |
0 |
1.550 |
A |
30° 30' |
4° 30' |
1.155, 1.755, 2.355 |
RL of O = 150.00 |
B |
75° 30' |
10° 15' |
1.250, 2.000, 2.750 |
Calculate the distance AB and the RLs of A and B. Find also the gradient of the
line AB.(7 marks)
2 (a) What is triangulation? Explain principle of triangulation.(7 marks)
2 (b) Explain with sketches different triangulation figures.(7 marks)
2 (c) What is satellite station? Discuss the method of reduction of horizontal angle to
Center.(7 marks)
3 (a) Define: Direct observation, conditioned quantity, true valve, true error, most
probable error, residual error, and observed equation.(7 marks)
3 (b) Two triangulation stations A and B are 50 kilometer apart and have elevations
235 m and 250 m respectively. Find the minimum height of signal required at B so
that the line of sight may not pass near the ground 3 meters. The intervening
ground may be assumed to have uniform elevation of 200 meters.(7 marks)
3 (c) What is weight of a quantity? Discuss various laws of weights.(7 marks)
3 (d) Adjust the following angles closing the horizon:
A=112° 20' 47'' wt.2
B=90° 30' 15'' wt. 3
C=58° 12' 05'' wt. 1
D= 98° 57'01'' wt. 4(7 marks)
4 (a) Define: Zenith, nadir, horizon, prime vertical, celestial poles, vertical circle, and
Ecliptic.(7 marks)
4 (b) Prove that altitude of pole is equal to latitude of observer.(7 marks)
4 (c) Explain the scale of vertical photographs.(7 marks)
4 (d) Calculate height of microwave tower appearing in a vertical photograph. The
distance of the tower in photograph from principal point is 6.03 cm and relief displacement measured is 0.603 cm. the datum scale of photo is $$\dfrac{1}{11000}$$ and the focal distance of camera f = 20 cm.(7 marks)
5 (a) Explain components of remote sensing.(7 marks)
5 (b) Explain the interaction of EM energy with earth surface features.(7 marks)
5 (c) Define GIS. Explain the objectives of GIS.(7 marks)
5 (d) Discuss the application of GIS in civil engineering discipline.(7 marks)