Turbo Machines - Jun 2015

Mechanical Engg (Semester 6)

TOTAL MARKS: 100
TOTAL TIME: 3 HOURS (1) Question 1 is compulsory.
(2) Attempt any four from the remaining questions.
(3) Assume data wherever required.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Answer any one question from Q1 and Q2

1 (a) A jet of water moving with V m/s strikes at the centre of a curved vane which is moving with u m/s. If the outgoing jet makes an angle θ with the incoming jet, prove that
$$ i) \ Maximum\ efficiency = \eta_{\max} =\dfrac {8}{27} (1+\cos \theta ) $$ ii) Blade speed u=V/3.(6 marks) 1 (b) Explain the functions of following
i) Casing of Pelton wheel.
Notch of bucket.(4 marks) 10 (a) Explain Pressure co-efficient, flow co-efficient and work input factor.(6 marks) 10 (b) An axial flow compressor with eight stages and 50% reaction compresses air with a pressure ratio of 4:1. The air enters the compressor at 20°C and flows through it with a constant velocity of 90m/s. The blades of compressor runs with a mean speed of 180 m/s. Take isentropic efficiency = 82%. Find
i) Work done by machine
ii) Blade angles.(10 marks) 2 (a) Describe with a neat sketch the construction of Francis turbine.(5 marks) 2 (b) A Kaplan turbine has a runner diameter of 4m and hub diameter of 1.2m. Discharge through the turbine=7000 LPS. The hydraulic & mechanical efficiencies are 90% and 93% respectively. Assume no whirl at outlet. Find the net head and power developed by the turbine.(5 marks)

Answer any one question from Q3 and Q4

3 (a) What is cavitation? How it can be prevented?(4 marks) 3 (b) Steam issues from the nozzle at an angle of 22° with a velocity of 430 m/s. The friction factor is 0.9. For a stage turbine designed for maximum efficiency. Find
i) The blade velocity
ii) Moving blade angles for equiangular blades
iii) Power developed.(6 marks) 4 (a) Prove the for Parson's reaction turbine moving & fixed blades are symmetrical in shape.(6 marks) 4 (b) Explain different types of draft tubes used in reaction turbines.(4 marks)

Answer any one question from Q5 and Q6

5 (a) Define specific speed of a hydrodynamic pump. Derive expression for the same.(8 marks) 5 (b) A centrifugal pump running at 800 RPM is working against a head of 20.2 m. The external diameter of impeller is 480 mm and its width is 60 mm. If the vane angle at exit is 407deg; and manometric efficiency is 70% find
i) Flow velocity at outlet
ii) Absolute velocity of water leaving the vane.
iii) Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with direction of motion at the outlet.
iv) Discharge
v) Specific speed.(10 marks) 6 (a) Explain effect of blade angle (outlet) on discharge in centrifugal pump.(6 marks) 6 (b) A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller diameter 400 mm and 20mm wide. The vane angle at outlet is 45° and the area occupied by the thickness of vane is 8% of total area. Inner diameter of impeller is half of outer diameter and inlet width is twice that of outlet. The pump discharge is 3.6 m³ per minute & runs at 920 RPM. Flow velocity is constant from inlet to outlet. Find i) Power output of pump in KW
ii) Total manometric head
iii) Specific speed
iv) Shaft power
v) Vane angle at inlet
Take mechanical efficiency = 88%
Manometric efficiency = 77%(12 marks)

Answer any one question from Q7 and Q8

7 (a) Explain slip and slip factor, its importance in centrifugal compressor.(6 marks) 7 (b) A centrifugal compressor inducing air at 207deg;C is running at 15000 RPM. The pressure ratio is 4:1 with an isentropic efficiency of 80%. Curved vanes at inlet give the air a prewhirl of 25° to the axial direction at all radii and mean diameter of eye is 25 cm. Impeller tip diameter is 60 cm. The absolute velocity of air at inlet is 150 m/s. Find the slip factor.(10 marks) 8 (a) Write short note on:
i) Fan
ii) Blower(6 marks) 8 (b) A centrifugal compressor delivers 10m³ of air when running at 10000 RPM. The air is drawn in at 1 bar & 300K and delivered at 4 bar. The isentropic efficiency is 80%. The blades are radial at outlet and velocity of flow is constant = 64 m/s. The outer diameter of impeller is twice the inner diameter. Take slip factor as 0.9. Find
i) Temperature of air at outlet tip of impeller.
ii) Power required to drive the compressor.
iii) Impeller diameters at inlet & outlet.
iv) Impeller blade angle at inlet.
v) Diffuser blade angle at inlet.(10 marks)

Answer any one question from Q9 and Q10

9 (a) Explain choking and surging in an axial flow compressor.(6 marks) 9 (b) An eight stage axial flow compressor takes in air at a temperature of 30°C at the rate of 3 kg/s. The pressure ratio is 6 and isentropic efficiency is 89%. The compressor is designed for 50% reaction. The blade speed for each stage is constant and is equal to 180m/s. Flow velocity is 100 m/s. Find the power required to run the compressor and the direction of air at entry & exit from the rotor & stator. The total work is equally shared between the stages.(10 marks)