1(a) Define surveying. Classify surveying on the basis of the purposes of the survey.

1(b) Differentiate between Whole circle bearing (WCB) and Reduced bearing system. If $\theta$ is the WCB, what would be the reduced bearing in all four quadrants?

1(c) Define:

• (i) Chainage
• (ii) Backsight
• (iii) Intermediate sight
• (iv) Change point

1(d) Define contour and contour interval. State any four characteristics of contours.

1(e) Explain the temporary adjustments of a theodolite.

1(f) A tacheometer has a diaphragm with three cross hairs spaced at a distance of 1.20mm. The focal length of the object glass is 24cm and the distance of the object glass from the trunnion axis is 10cm. Calculate the tacheometric constants.

2(a) A survey was conducted round a lake and the bearings as shown aside were obtained. Determine which of the stations are affected by local attraction and give the values of the corrected bearings.

Line	AB	BC	CD	DA
FB	$74^0 20'$	$107^0 20'$	$224^0 50'$	$306^0 40'$
BB	$256^0 00'$	$286^0 20'$	$44^0 50'$	$126^0 00'$

2(b) Compare: Surveyors Compass and Prismatic Compass.

2(c) A road embankment 30m wide at top with side slope of 2 to 1 have ground levels at 100 meters interval along line PQ as under: P(153.0), 151.8, 151.2, 150.6, (149.2)Q. The formation level at P is 161.4m with a uniformly falling gradient of 1 in 50 from P to Q. Find volume of earthwork by prismoidal formula. Assume the ground to be level in c/s.

3(a) Following is the page of a level book. Fill in the missing data. Apply the usual checks. $$ \sum B.S \space is \space 8.445 $$

Station	B.S	L.S	F.S	Rise	Fall	RL	Remarks
1	2.150					450.000	BM
2	1.645		?	0.500		?
3		2.345			?	?
4	?		1.965	?		?
5	2.050		1.825		0.400	?
6		?		?		451.730
7	(-)1.690		?	0.120		?	Inverted staff rdg
8	?		2.100		?	?
9			?	?		499.100

3(b) Explain reciprocal levelling with its procedure and purpose.

3(c) Write a note on different axes of a theodolite and their interrelationships for the instrument to be in perfect adjustment. (Sketch is desirable)

4(a) List the accessories required for Plane Table Survey. Describe the intersection method of plane table survey with its advantage.

4(b) Write short notes on:
(i) Gale's traverse table

1843

(ii) Measurement of horizontal angle by method of Repetition.

4(c) A 20m chain was found to be 4 cm too long after chaining 1420m. It was 8 cm too long at the end of day's work after chaining a total distance of 2400 m. If the chain was correct before commencement of the work, find the true distance.

5(a) Calculate latitudes and departures for the traverse whose details are as shown aside:

Line	Length (m)	WCB
AB	89.31	$45^0 10'$
BC	219.76	$72^0 05'$
CD	151.18	$161^0 52'$
DE	159.10	$228^0 43'$
EA	232.26	$300^0 42'$

5(b) The above perpendicular offsets were taken at 15m intervals from a survey line AB to an

Distance	0(pt.A)	15	30	45	60	75	90	105	120(pt.B)
Offset	2.30	3.80	4.55	6.75	5.25	7.30	8.95	8.25	5.50

irregular boundary line. Calculate the area using Simpson's Rule.

5(c) Write down the procedure of Indirect Ranging with a suitable sketch.

6(a) Initially, a staff was held vertically at a distance of 46.2m and 117.6m from the centre of a theodolite fitted with stadia hairs and the staff intercepts with the telescope horizontal were 0.45m and 1.15m respectively. The instrument was then set over a station P having RL as 150m, the height of instrument axis being 1.38m. The stadia hair readings on a staff held vertically at a station Q with instrument at P were 1.200, 1.930 and 2.650 m respectively, while the vertical angle(depression) was - 9$^o$30'. Find RL of Q & dist. PQ.

6(b) In a 2 plane method exercise, points P and Q are two instrument stations and point R is the point whose elevation is to be known. The values of included angles $\theta$p & $\theta$q are 64$^o$30' & 58$^o$15' respectively. The values of vertical angle $\alpha$p & $\alpha$q are 20$^o$43'20" & 19$^o$44'55" respectively. The height of instrument at P and Q are 1.450 and 1.550 m respectively while the backsights taken on benchmark (RL= 100.125 m) from P & Q are 1.625 and 1.125 m respectively. Distance PQ is 180m. Determine the ground elevations of both the instrument station and elevation of point R.

6(c) Explain tie line, check line, base line and main survey line with neat sketch.