Importance Water Transport

• Water transport is the cheapest and the oldest mode of transport.

• It has the largest carrying capacity and is most suitable for carrying bulky goods over long distances.

• The cost of operation of water transport is also very less.

• It operates on a natural track and hence does not require huge capital investment in the construction and maintenance.

Introduction to Dock

• Docks are enclosed areas for berthing the ships to keep them afloat at a uniform level to facilitate loading and unloading cargo.

• A dock is a marine structure for berthing of vessels for loading and unloading cargo and passengers.

  Classification of Docks:

  • Wet Dock
  • Dry Dock

Dry Dock

• The docks used for repairs of ships are known as dry docks.
• It is long excavated chamber, having side walls, a semi circular end wall and a floor.
• The open end of the chamber is provided with a gate and acts as the entrance to the dock.

Wet Dock

• Docks required for berthing of ships or vessels to facilitate the loading and unloading of passengers and cargo are called wet docks.
• These are also known as harbor docks.

Introduction to Harbour

• A harbour is a sheltered water body where ships, boats and barges can be docked.

• It is man made a facility built for loading and unloading vessels and dropping and picking up passengers.

• Harbors may may be natural or artificial.

Parts of Harbour :

• Entrance Channels
• Berthing Basin
• Break Water
• Turning Basin
• Pier Head
• Wharves
• Jetties

Classification of Harbour:

• Natural Harbour
• Semi Natural Harbour
• Artificial Harbour

Natural Harbour

• It is protected form storms and waves by.
• Prominence of land.
• Consist of part of body of water which is protected.
• Deep enough for anchorage.

Semi Natural Harbour

• The ones who are protected on sides by land and.
• Require man- made protection only at entrance.

Artificial Harbour

• Man-made harbour.
• Deliberately constructed break waters, sea walls ,Jetties, and also dredging is done there.
• Requires maintenance by periodic dredging.