1 solve any four

1.a. Describe Cavitation phenomenon

1.b. Explain in detail Hydraulic similarity

1.c. Show that the maximum efficiency of populsion is 50% when the inlet orifices are at right angles to the direction of motion of ship.

1.d. Explain Multistage Centrifugal pump

1.e. Write a note on Hydraulic Intensifier

2.a. The pressure drop in a pipe depends upon the mean velocity of flow (v) ,length of the pipe (l),diameter of the pipe (d) ,viscosity of fluid average height of roughness projection on inside pipe surface (k) and mass density of fluid (p) by using buckinghams theoram , obtain a dimensionless expression for

2.b. A stationary vane having an inlet angel of zero degree and an outlet angel of $25^0$ receives water at velocity of 50m/s.Determine the components of force acting on it in the direction the jet velocity and normal to it .Also find the resultant force in magnitude and direction per kg if flow .

if the vane stated above is moving with a velocity of 20m/s in the direction of the jet,calculate the force components in the direction of vane velocity and across it ,also the resultant force in magnitude and direction .Calculate the work done and power developed per kg of flow.

3.a. A jet of water moving at 12m/s impinges on the caved shaped symmetrical vane to deflect the jet through $120^0$ .The vane is moving at 5m/s.Find (i) the angle of jet so that thee is no shock at inlet (ii)The absolute velocity of the jet at exit both in magnitude and direction and (iii) the work done per sec per N of water .Assume that vane is smooth.

3.b. 250 litres per sec of water is flowing in apipe having a diameter of 300mm.If the pipe is bent by $135^0$ ,find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend.The pressure of water flowing in the pipe is 390kPa

4.a. An inward flow reaction turbine is supplied 0.233 of water under a head of 11m.The wheel vanes are radial at inlet and the inlet diameter is twice the outlet diameter.The velocity of flow is constant and equal to 1.83m/sec .The wheel makes 370rpm .Determine (i)guide vane angle (ii)inlet and outlet diameter of the wheel (iii)the width of the wheel at inlet and exit .Assume the discharge is radial and there are no losses in wheel. Take speed ratio = 0.7.Neglect the thickness of vanes.

4.b. A Kaplan turbine develops 8000HP under an effective head of 5m.its speed ratio is 2and flow ratio is 0.6 and the diameter of the boss = 0.35times the external diameter of the runner .Mechanical efficiency of the turbine is 90%.Calculate the diameter of the runner ,speed of the runner and also its specific speed.

5.a. A Pelton wheel is receiving water from the penstock with a gross head of 510m.1/3 of the gross head is lost in the friction penstock.The rate of flow to the nozzle fitted at the end of penstock is 2.2 .The angle of deflection of jet is $165^0$ .Determine (i)the power given by the water to the runner and (ii) Hydraulic efficiency of the pelton wheel .Take $C_v$(coefficient of velocity)= 1 and speed ratio = 0.45:

5.b. A centrifugal pump discharges 7500litres of water per minute against a total head of 25m when running at 660rpm.The outer diameter of the impeller is 600mm and ratio of outer to inner diameter is 2 .The area of flow through the wheel radially and without shock.Calculate (i)manometric efficiency and (ii) vane angle at inlet

6.a. A centrifugal pump impeler runs at 80 rpm and has oulet angle of $60^0$.The velocity of flow is 2.5m/s throughout and diameter of the impeller at exit is twice that the inlet .If the manometric head is 20m and the manometric efficiency is 75%.determine (i) the diameter of impeller at the exit and (ii)inlet vane angle .

6.b. A conical draft tube having inlet and outlet diameters 1.2m and 1.8m discharges water at outlet with a velocity of 3m/s.The total total length of draft tube is 7.2m and 1.44m of the length of draft tube is immersed in the water .If the atmospheric pressure head is 10.3m of water and loss of head due to friction in the draft tube is equal to 0.2 x velocity head at the outlet of the tube ,determine (i) pressure head at inlet and (ii) efficiency of the draft tube