1.a. Explain the general role of civil engineer in any construction work. Support your answer with minimum 04 points.

1.b. Define ‘Uniform Settlement’ and ‘Differential Settlement’ of footings/ foundations. Show these settlements clearly in neat sketches.

1.c. State the general role of civil engineer in construction of National Highway. Support your answer with minimum 04 points.

2.a.

State the general role of civil engineer in construction of Bunglow. Support your answer with minimum 04 points.

2.b. Draw a proportionate sketch (Sectional View) of a framed superstructure. Show (Label) following parts (components) in it: Plinth, Slab, Parapet, Flooring.

2.c. Justify the statement: Use of clay bricks should be avoided in constructions. (Give four points of justification). Also state two substitute materials for the clay bricks.

3.a Define the fundamental axes of Dumpy Level with the help of neat sketch.

3.b. Enlist any 06 steps to achieve environmental sustainability in day to day activities.

3.c. Define Contour. Draw typical contours for the following features of RLs:

1.Uniformly Sloping Ground

2.Steeply Sloping Ground

4.a. Explain in brief following methods of treatment of solid waste:

1.Mechanical volume reduction.

2.Thermal volume reduction.

3.Manual component separation.

4.b. Explain–G.T.S., Permanent, and temporary benchmarks.

4.c. Explain any three characteristics of contours with neat sketch. Also give any three uses of contour maps.

5.a. Comment on statement “privacy and circulation are complementary to each other” with neat sketch.

5.b. What do you understand by Eco-friendly materials in construction? Explain in detail

6.a. Enlist the various principles of planning and explain in brief Aspect and Prospect with sketches.

6.b. Explain in brief the following terms:

1.Covered area

2.Plinth area

3.FSI

4.Built up area

5.Floor area

6.Carpet area

7.Set back distance

7.a. Enlist any 02 global effects of air pollution. Explain with suitable sketch/equations, any 01 in detail.

7.b. State three ill effects of ozone layer depletion

7.c. Give WHO & NWC definitions of water pollution. Enlist any 02 sources of water pollution.

8.a. Compare solar energy and wind energy. Minimum 03 points of comparison are expected.

8.b. Define air pollution as per IS. Explain in brief any 04 sources of air pollution.

8.c. Explain in brief: what is land pollution. Explain in brief any 03 sources of land pollution.