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INTRODUTION: An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication is known as "SATELLITE".

FOUR DIFFERENT TYPE OF SATELLITE ORBITS CAN BE IDENTIFIED,

1. GEO:- GEOSTIONARY EARTH ORBIT
2. LEO:- LOW EARTH ORBIT
3. MEO:- MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT

4. HEO:- HIGHLY ELLIPTICAL ORBIT

   

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:-

GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT:

• This orbit is placed at the altitude of about 36000km directly over the equator.
• Time period is synchronous with respect to earth rotation
• It will revolve around the earth with timeperiod 24hrs that earth rotation.

formula :- for calculating speed for orbit

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ADVANTAGES:-

1. WIDE RANGE-wide range which cover almost all distance.
2. SIMPLE ANTENNA-it uses simple antenna
3. NO HANDOVER-there is no disconnection for wider range
4. LONGER LIFE-there is longer life of these antenna

DISADVANTAGES:-

1. HIGH TRANSMISSION POWER-there is high transmission of power due to wider rage.
2. POOR TRANSMISSION QUALITY-trasmission is less
3. HIGH LATENCY-there is a very high latency
4. PATH LOSS-due to wider range there is path loss

APPLICATION:- all tv & radio system

LOW EARTH ORBIT:

• it operates at a distance of 500-1500 km. -circulate on lower orbit,they exibit slower time period -from earth it is visible for only 10min.

ADVANTAGES:-

1. LOW DEPLOYMENT COST:-there is low deployment cost of LEO 2.LOW TRANSMIT POWER REQUIRES- low range is there that is why low transmission power is require.
2. BETTER FREQUENCY REUSE-there is better frequency reuse. 4.GLOBAL COVER-it cover globally all areas

DISADVANTAGES:-

1.SMALL COVERAGE-there is only small coverage of area 2.SHORTER LIFE-the life of antenna is shorter 3.COMPLEX ROUTING-as there is small range ,there is complex routing. 4.FREQUENT HANDOVER-there is frequently handover in the LEO

APPLICATION

They are used in globestar,iridium.

MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT:

• It is placed in between GEO and LEO.
• The distance of MEO is 5000-12000km.

ADVANTAGES

1.There is increased n coverage area.

2.there is simple design of antennA

3.fewer handovers

DISADVANTAGES

1.There is high transmission power due to increased coverage. 2.There is special need of special antenna 3.There is significant doppler effect.

APPLICATION:-

• Used in GPS(global position system)