What are XML and XSLT? Explain with an example.

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written 7.7 years ago by

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is meta markup language which means that it lets us create our own markup language.
XML is popular for following reasons:
- It allows easy data exchange
- It allows to customize markup languages
- Makes the data in document self describing
- Allows for structured and Integrated data
XML is case sensitive , which means <welcome> and <welcome> are treated differently
Each tag should have a relevant closing also.

Example:

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UFT-8”?>
<DOCUMENT>
<WELCOME>
Welcome to XML
</WELCOME>
</DOCUMENT>

The xml document always starts with XML processing instruction
```
<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UFT-8”?>
```
The above statement defines the XML version and UFT -8 is a 8 bit condensed version of Unicode

XSLT:

Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is a family of recommendations for defining XML document, transforming and presenting it.
XSLT is a language for transforming XML documents into another XML documents.
XSL includes an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting.
XSL specifies the styling of an XML document by using XSLT to describe how the document is transformed into another XML document that uses the formatting vocabulary.
With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file. You can also rearrange and sort elements, perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more.
A common way to describe the transformation process is to say that XSLT transforms an XML source-tree into an XML result-tree.

Example:

The XML input file:
```
<book>
<title>The Dilbert Principle</title>

<author>Scott Adams</author>
</book>
```

XSLT:

<xsl:stylesheet version = '1.0'xmlns:xsl='https://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'>
<xsl:template match="/">
<h1>
<xsl:value-of select="//title"/>
</h1>
<h2>    
<xsl:value-of select="//author"/>
</h2>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

Output:

The Dilbert Principle

Scott Adams

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