What is subnetting? What are the default subnet masks? Find the subnet address if the IP address is 129.31.72.24 and subnet mask is 255.255.192.0.

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teamques10 ★ 70k

Subnet mask is a mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to.An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address.
Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets. In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet. This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format.
The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork -- by convention, the bits for the network address are all set to 1, though it would also work if the bits were set exactly as in the network address.
In this case, therefore, the subnet mask would be 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000. It's called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address.
The subnet mask for a default, unsubnetted class A, B or C network has ones for each bit that is used for network ID or subnet ID, and zeroes for the host ID bits. This is called the default subnet mask for each of the IP address classes.
Since classes A, B and C divide the network ID from the host ID on octet boundaries, the subnet mask will always have all ones or all zeroes in an octet. Therefore, the default subnet masks will always have 255s or 0s when expressed in decimal notation.
Table below summarizes the default subnet masks for each of the classes:

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