Attention constant (α) - The rate of attention when wave is travelling in a lossy media is denoted by $α$ $$α=w \sqrt{\dfrac{μE}{2} \bigg(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{σ^2}{w^2 E^2}- 1}\bigg)}$$

Significance: A non zero value of α significance that the amplitude of waves decreases as the wave propagates.

Phase constant $(β)$ - Phase constant is …