$\text{First we calculate $\bar{X}$ and s$^2$.}$

$\text{$\bar{X}$=$\frac{(45+47+50+48+47+49+53+51+52)}{9}$ =49.11}$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline X & 45 & 47 & 50 &52 &48 &47 &49 &53 &51 &SUM \\ \hline X - \bar{X} &-4.11 &-2.11 &0.89 &2.89 &-1.11 &-2.11 &-0.11 &3.89 &1.89 \\ \hline (X – \bar{X})^2 &16.89 &4.45 &0.79 &8.35 &1.23 &4.45 &1.21 &15.13 &3.57 &56.07 \\ \hline \end{array} $\text{s$^2$ = ∑ $\frac{(X – \bar{X})^2 }{9}$ = $\frac{56.07}{9}$ = 6.23}$ $\text{(i) The null hypothesis H$_0$ : μ = 47.5. Alternative hypothesis H$_1$ : μ ≠ 47.5}$ $\text{(ii) Calculation of test statistic: Since the sample size is small , we use t – distribution;}$ $\text{t = $\frac{(\bar{X}-μ)}{(\frac{s}{\sqrt{(n-1)}})}$ = $\frac{(49.11-47.5)}{\frac{( \sqrt{6.23}}{\sqrt{(9-1)}})}$ = 1.82}$ $\text{(iii) Level of significance : α =0.05}$ $\text{(iv) Critical value : the value of t$_α$ at 5% level of significance for ν= 9-1 =8 degrees of freedom is 2.306}$ $\text{(v) Decision : since the calculated value of |t| =1.82 is less than the table value t$_α$=2.306. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted.}$

Sixteen oil tins are taken at random from an automatic filling machine. The mean weight of the tins is 14.5kg with a standard deviation of 0.40kg. Does the sample mean differ significantly from the intended weight of 16kg? (Given t for 15 d.f. at 5% level is 2.131)