Compare : Microprocessor and Microcontroller

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Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller

Sr. No.	Parameters	Microprocessor	Microcontroller
1.	System	Microprocessor is the main part of the Computer system.	Micro Controller is the main part of an embedded system.
2.	Architectural Model	Microprocessors are based on the Von Neumann model.	Microcontrollers are based on Harvard architecture.
3.	Bit Handling Instructions	The microprocessor has one or two types of bit handling instruction.	The microcontroller has many types of bit handling instructions.
4.	Need of External Devices	It only has a processor, so memory and I/O components need to be connected externally.	It has a processor along with internal memory and I/O components.
5.	Size of Circuit	Memory, and I/O have to be connected externally, so the circuit becomes large.	Memory and I/O are already present, and the internal circuit is small.
6.	Complexity of Circuit	The circuit is more complex.	The circuit is less complex.
7.	Power Consumption	Due to external components, the total power consumption is high.	As no external components, total power consumption is less.
8.	Cost of the System	Cost of the complete system is high.	Cost of the complete system is low.
9.	Power Saving Mode	Most of the microprocessors do not have power-saving features.	Most of the microcontrollers offer power-saving mode.
10.	Compact System	Not suitable for compact systems. Therefore microprocessor is less efficient.	Suitable for compact systems. Therefore microcontroller is more efficient.
11.	Battery Devices	It is not ideal for the devices running on stored power like batteries.	It can be used with devices running on stored power like batteries.
12.	Number of Registers	Microprocessor has a smaller number of registers, so more operations are memory-based.	Microcontroller has more register. Hence the programs are easier to write.
13.	Flags	Microprocessor having a zero status flag.	Microcontroller has no zero flags.
14.	Peripherals	It has no RAM, ROM, Input-Output units, timers, and other peripherals on the chip.	It has a CPU along with RAM, ROM, and other peripherals embedded on a single chip.
15.	Buses	It uses an external bus to interface to RAM, ROM, and other peripherals.	It uses an internal controlling bus.
16.	CPU	It is a central processing unit on a single silicon-based integrated chip.	It is a byproduct of the development of microprocessors with a CPU along with other peripherals.
17.	Operational Codes	The microprocessor has many operation codes for moving data from external memory to the CPU.	The microcontroller has one or two operation codes for moving data from external memory to CPU.
18.	Memory	This does not have its input memory.	This has its memory.
19.	Program and Data	Program and Data are stored in RAM.	Program and Data are stored in a separate memory.
20.	Movement of Data	This is concerned with the rapid movement of code and data from external addresses to the chip.	This is concerned with the rapid movement of bits within the chip.
21.	Multifunctional Pins	This contains fewer multifunctional pins.	This contains more multifunctional pins.
22.	Additional Features	This contains a CPU, memory addressing circuit, and interrupt handling circuit.	This contains on-chip timers, parallel and series input-output, and internal RAM and ROM.
23.	System Speed	Microprocessor-based systems can run at a very high speed because of the technology involved.	Microcontroller-based systems run up to 200MHz or more depending on the architecture.
24.	Applications	It’s used for general purpose applications.	It’s used for application-specific systems.
25.	Use	It is mainly used in personal computers.	It is used mainly in a washing machines, MP3 players, air conditioners, and embedded systems.

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