Microprocessors:

1. Microprocessors are based on the von Neumann model where program and data are stored in the same memory module.
2. It uses an external bus to interface to RAM, ROM, and other peripherals.
3. We need to connect peripherals externally. So it makes circuit bulky.
4. It increases the overall cost of the system high.
5. We can connect external memory in ranges of Mbytes and even Gbytes. But speed is less.
6. You can't use it in a compact system.
7. Most of the microprocessors do not have power-saving features.
8. It is a central processing unit on a single silicon-based integrated chip.

Microcontrollers:

1. Microcontrollers are based on Harvard architecture where program memory and data memory are separate.
2. It uses an internal controlling bus.
3. The presence of peripherals such as RAM, ROM, Input-output, and Timers are In-built. So It is available on a single chip.
4. The overall cost of the system is less.
5. The inbuilt finite memory helps to improve the speed of operations.
6. You can use it in compact systems.
7. Most of the microcontrollers offer power-saving mode.
8. It is a byproduct of the development of microprocessors with a CPU along with other peripherals.