Subject: Geotechnical Engineering 1

Topic: Classification of Soil

Difficulty: Medium

1. Discharge $q_1,q_2,q_3 .........$ through each flow path are equal and total discharge $q= q_1+q_2+q_3.............$
2. Potential drops $h_1,h_2,h_3 .........$ between any two adjacent equipotential lines are equal and total drop $h=h_1+h_2+h_3.............$
3. Flow lines and equipotential lines are orthogonal, i.e. they intersect at right angles
4. Flow lines do not intersect; similarly, potential lines do not intersect except at boundaries
5. Flow lines and equipotential lines from "square figure" i.e. their corners are at right angles and median distances are equal
6. Convergence of flow lines means concentration of flow and increasing hydraulic gradient and divergence of flow lines indicate decreasing hydraulic gradient