i) Lateral tie in column

ii) Main steel and distribution steel in slab.

iii) Stirrups in beams.

i) Lateral tie in column

The main functions of lateral reinforcements in RC columns are:

• It prevents longitudinal reinforcement bars from buckling,
• It resists the shear force and hence contributes avoiding shear failure.
• It confines the concrete core to provide sufficient ductility or deformability, and
• It restrains the spliced bars …