Explain circuit switching, packet switching and message switching.

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Sr. No.	Function	Message Switching	Circuit Switching	Packet Switching
1.	Concept	In message switching, each switch stores the whole message and forwards it to the next switch. Although, we don't see message switching at lower layers, it is still used in some applications like electronic mail (e-mail).	When you or your computer places a telephone call, the switching equipment within the telephone system seeks out a physical path all the way from your telephone to the receiver’s telephone. This technique is called circuit switching.	With this technology, packets are sent as soon as they are available.
2.	Store and forward transmission	Yes	No	Yes
3.	Terminal	Telegraph, teletype	Telephone, modem	Computer
4.	Information representation	Morse, Baudot, ASCII	Analog Voice or PCM digital voice	Any binary information
5.	Transmission system	Digital over various media	Analog and digital over various media	Digital over various media
6.	Addressing	Geographical addresses	Hierarchical numbering plan	Hierarchical address space
7.	Routing	Manual routing	Route selected during call setup	Each packet routed independently
8.	Multiplexing	Character multiplexing, message multiplexing	Circuit multiplexing	Packet multiplexing shared media across networks
9.	Basic User and Network	Transmission of telegrams (Telegraph network)	Bidirectional real time transfer of voice signals (Telephone network)	Datagram and reliable stream service between computers (Internet).
10.	Call setup	No	Required	Not needed
11.	Dedicated physical path	Not required	Yes	No
12.	Packets arrive in order	-	Yes	No
13.	Each packet follows the same route	-	Yes	No
14.	Bandwidth available	-	Fixed	Dynamic
15.	Time of possible congestion	-	At setup time	On every packet
16.	Potentially wasted Bandwidth	-	Yes	No
17.	Charging	-	Per minute	Per packet

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