written 5.8 years ago by |
Distance : Ultrasound, IR, IR-sharp, LVDT
Velocity : same as above w.r.t time, Long range - GPS
Acceleration : Accelerometer
Angle : shaft encoder - optical,electrical,mechanical
Angular velocity : same as above w.r.t time
Rotation/revolution : Tachometer,optical
Force : strain guage, load cell
Pressure : same as above, pressure pads, capactitive
Liquid level : Bi-point, Multi point,capacitive,resistive
Temperature : Thermister, Thermocouple
Light/Luminous intensity : LDR,LCD
Directional light/optical : IR,PIR/PID,visible light diodes, detector pairs.
Voltage : Direct - Pot, Pot divider
Current : Current transformers
Electrical energy : V,I with power factor
Power factor : V,I and ZCD
R,C,L : Based on V/I characteristics
Magnetic field/field intensity : Based on current
Time : Crystal, measured delays