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Express P(x) = $7+8x+9x^2$ as a linear combination of $P_1(x)=2+x+4x^2,P_2(x)=1-x+3x^2,P_3(x)=2+x+5x^2$
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Solution:

Given, P(x) = $7+8x+9x^2$

$P_1(x)=2+x+4x^2,$

$P_2(x)=1-x+3x^2,$

$P_3(x)=2+x+5x^2$

Let $P=K_1P_1+k_2P_2+k_3P_3$

$(7+8x+9x^2)= k_1(2+x+4x^2)+k_2(1-x+3x^2)+k_3(2+x+5x^2)$-------(1)

$(7+8x+9x^2)= (2k_1+k_2+2k_3)+(K_1-k_2+K_3)x+(4k_1+3K_2+5k_3)x^2$

equating both side,

$2k_1+k_2+2k_3=7$-----(2)

$k_1-k_2+k_3=8$------(3)

$4k_1+3k_2+5k_3=9$-------(4)

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ 4 & 3 & 5 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} k_1\\ k_2 \\ k_3 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 8\\ 7 \\ 9 \end{bmatrix}$

$R_2-2R_1,\\ R_3-2R_2 $ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 0 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} k_1\\ k_2 \\ k_3 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 8\\ -9 \\ -5 \end{bmatrix}$

$R_{23}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} k_1\\ k_2 \\ k_3 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 8\\ -5 \\ -9 \end{bmatrix}$

$k_1-k_2+k_3=8$-----(5)

$k_2+k_3=-5$----(6)

$3k_2=-9$

$k_2=-3$

Put $k_2=-3$ in eqn(6)

$-3+k_3=-5$

$k_3=-5+3$

$k_3=-2$

put $k_2 \ and \ k_3$ values in (5)

$k_1-(-3)-2=8 $

$k_1+3-2=8$

$k_1=8-1$

$k_1 =7 $

put $k_1 ,\ k_2 \ and \ k_3$ values in eqn(1)

$7+8x+9x^2=7(2+x+4x^2)-3(1-x+3x^2)-2(2+x+5x^2)$

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