1.a. State the principle of surveying.

1.b. List our the tape corrections.

1.c. Differentiate between simple leveling and compound leveling.

1.d. Define: Contour, Horizontal equivalent and Contour gradient.

1.e. State the limitations of Simpson's rule .

1.f. List out the formulae for computing the volumes.

1.g. Define Transiting and Swinging the telescope in theodolite surveying.

1.h. List out the methods for setting out simple curve by chain and tape ..

1.i. List out the methods for setting out simple curve by chain and tape.

1.j. Differentiate between stadia and tangential methods of tacheometry.

2. Explain about classification of surveying.

3. The following were observed in a compass traverse.Correct for local attraction.

Line	Fore bearing	Back bearing
AB	$68^{0} 15^{\prime}$	$248^{0} 15^{\prime}$
BC	$148^{0} 45^{\prime}$	$326^{0} 15^{\prime}$
CD	$224^{0} 30^{\prime}$	$46^{0} 00^{\prime}$
DE	$217^{0} 15^{\prime}$	$38^{0} 15^{\prime}$
EA	$327^{0} 45^{\prime}$	$147^{0} 45^{\prime}$

4. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and 4 m levelling staff on a continuously sloping ground at 30 m intervals: 0.680, 1.455, 1.855, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.055, 1.860, 2.265, 2.540, 0.835, 0.945, 1.530 and 2.250 m. the R.L. of a starting point was 80.750 m.

a) Carry out reduction of heights by the collimation method.

b) Determine the gradient of the line joining the first and last points.

5. List out the methods of contouring and explain any one method in detail.

6. The following offsets were taken from a chain line to a hedge at regular intervals of 5.0 m, 2.72, 3.46, 5.23, 6.80, 4.86, 3.35, 3.00, 2.50 , and 1.60 m. Determine the area included between the chain line and the the hedge by using:

a) Mid-ordinate rule

b) Trapezoidal rule and

c) Simpson's rule

7. A road at the formation level is 6 m wide and has a side slope of 2:1 .The road is to have a constant R.L. of 200 m . The ground is level across the centre line of the road

The following observation were made :

Chainage(m)	0	20	40	60	80	100
Surface level along centre line of road	204.6	203.0	200.8	201.6	202.0	200.2

Estimate the volume of earth work.

8. List out the methods for measuring horizontal angle and explain any two methods in detail.

9. The observation were made on the top A of flag AB on a hill from two instrument stations P and Q, 100 m apart the station P and Q being in the line with A . The angles of elevation of A at P and Q were $30^{\circ} 05^{\prime}$ and $17^{0} 52^{\prime}$ respectively, The staff reading upon the BM (RL = 311.29 m) were, respectively , 2.690 and 3.815 when the instrument was at P and Q , the telescope being horizontal. Determine the elevation of the foot B of the flag if AB is 3.5 m.

10. The following are the distances of the staff position from the instrument and the corresponding staff intervals . Calculate the tacheometric constant.

D(m)	20	50	100	120
S(m)	0.195	0.495	0.997	1.197

11. The chainage of the intersection of two straight having the deflection angle of $50^{0}$ is 1680.0 m. If radius of the curve is 450 m, Calculate the following :

a) Tangent distance

b) Length of the curve

c) Length of the long chord and

d) Apex distance.