1.a. What is Pascal's law? Explain.

1.b. List out different fluid properties along with their significance.

1.c. What do you mean by rotational and irrotational flows?

1.d. Distinguish between fluid Kinematics and Fluid Dynamic

1.e. Distinguish between Orifice meter and venture meter.

1.f. What is broad crested Weir?

1.g. Explain the Magnus effect.

1.h. What is Prandtl contribution?

1.i. How do you distinguish laminar and turbulent flows?

1.f. What is Reynold's number? What is its significance?

2.a. Distinguish between: i) Standard and local Atmospheric pressures ii) Barometric pressure and Absolute pressure and iii) Absolute pressure and Gauge pressure.

2.b. Derive an equation for hydrostatic force on inclined plane.

3.a. Define Viscosity, Surface tension and Vapor Pressure and explain their influence on fluid motion.

3.b An open tank contains water up to a depth of 1.5 $\mathrm{m}$ and above it an oil of sp. gr.0. 8.8 for a depth of 2 $\mathrm{m}$ . Find the pressure intensity:

i) at the interface of the two liquids, and

ii) at the bottom of the tank.

4.a. Describe stream line, streak line and path line.

4.b. The water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 20 $\mathrm{cm}$ and 15 $\mathrm{cm}$ at sections 1 and 2 respectively. The rate of flow through pipe is 40 litres/s. The section 1 is 9 $\mathrm{m}$ above datum line and section 2 is 5 $\mathrm{m}$ above the datum. If the pressure at section 1 is 32.40 $\mathrm{N} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}$ , find the intensity of pressure at section 2 .

5.a. What is the difference between stream function and velocity potential function?

5.b. Describe Eularian and Lagrangian approaches.

6.a. Describe different types of notches with neat sketches.

6.b. A 22 $\mathrm{cm}$ diameter pipc carries water under a head of 10 metres with a velocity of 7 $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ . If the axis of the pipe turns through $45^{\circ},$ find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force at the bend.

7.a. State and drive the Bernoulh equation as an energy equation, mentioning clearly the assumptions made in the derivation. What are its limitations?

7.b. A 50°C reducing elbow having an inlet diameter 25 cm and outlet diameter 15 cm is fitted in a horizontal pipe line. If the rate of flow through the pipe is 150 L/sec, and inlet pressure is 1.00 kg/cm², find the components of the forces necessary to hold the bend in position. Also find the resultant force and the direction in which it acts.

8.a. What conditions should be satisfied for separation of boundary layer? Discuss briefly the methods that can be used to prevent separation.

8.b. How will you determine whether a boundary layer flow is attached flow or detached flow or on verge of separation?

9.a. With a neat sketch, analyze the flow around submerged body.

9.b. What do you mean by boundary layer separation? What is the effect of pressure gradient on boundary layer separation?

10.a. What do you understand by 'minor and major losses' in pipes? Explain them in brief?

10.b. Derive an expression for head loss due to friction.

11.b. Derive an expression from the fundamentals for the loss of head at a sudden contraction in a pipeline.

11.b. The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.2 m³/s. The diameter of the pipe is suddenly endangered from 200 mm to 400 mm. The pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 12.5 N/cm². Determine:

i) loss of head due to sudden enlargement

ii) pressure intensity in the large pipe and

iii) power lost due to enlargement.