Shoring:-

Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support temporarily an unsafe structure. These support walls laterally. Shoring can be used when walls bulge out, when walls crack due to unequal settlement of foundation and repairs are to be carried out to the cracked wall, when an adjacent structure needs pulling down, when openings are to be made in newly or enlarged in a wall.

Types of shoring

1.Raking shore

2.Flying shore

3.Dead shore.

1. Raking Shoring

In this method, inclined members known as rakers are used to give lateral supports to walls. A raking shore consists of the following components:

i. Rakers or inclined member

ii. Wall plate

iii. Needles

iv. Cleats

v. Bracing

vi. Sole plate

2. Flying Shoring

Flying shores is a system of providing temporary supports to the partly walls of the two buildings where the intermediate building is to be pulled down and rebuilt .All types of arrangements of supporting the unsafe structure in which the shores do not reach the ground come under this category. The flying shore consists of wall plates, needles, cleats, horizontal struts (commonly known as horizontal shores) and inclined struts arranged in different forms which varies with the situation. In this system also the wall plates are placed against the wall and secured to it. A horizontal strut is placed between the wall plates and is supported by a system of needle and cleats. The inclined struts are supported by the needle at their top and by straining pieces at their feet. The straining piece is also known as straining sill and is spiked to the horizontal shore. The width of straining piece is the same as that of the strut. When the distance between the walls (to be strutted apart) is considerable, a horizontal shore can not be safe and a trussed framework of members is necessary to perform the function of flying shore.

3. Dead Shore OR Vertical Shore

Dead shore is the system of shoring which is used to render vertical support to walls and roofs, floors, etc when the lower part of a wall has been removed for the purpose of providing an opening in the wall or to rebuild a defective load bearing wall in a structure.The dead shore consists of an arrangement of beams and posts which are required to support the weight of the structure above and transfer same to the ground on firm foundation below.