Operation:

• The EM pump schematic is as shown in the figure given. The liquid metal flows in the channel of width (w), length (l), and height (s). This pump is a device that moves metal by means of the interaction between an electric current, liquid metal and a magnetic field.

• The pipe containing a liquid metal is put in a strong magnetic field and a current is forced perpendicular to the magnetic field and the direction of the liquid metal flow. the liquid metal has a force on it perpendicular to the magnetic field and electric current, thus, it flows without any mechanical parts.

• The force is given,
  $F= I L \times B = I L B$

• The cross product becomes multiplication since current (I) and field (B) are perpendicular to each other. The direction is obtained using Fleming's left hand rule as shown in the fig.