Types of errors
1) GROSS ERROR:-
- These errors occur mainly due to human mistakes in taking the readings.
- These errors are known as personal errors.
- These errors cannot be mathematically treated.
These errors cannot be eliminated by can be minimized.
2) SYSTEMATIC ERROR:-
- These errors are referred to as fixed errors.
- These errors are due to shortcomings of the instruments such as defective components or parts and effects of environment.
- They can be classified as:-
-Instrumental errors:-
- Due to shortcoming in the instruments
- Due to mishandling
- Due to improper use
- Due to loading effects
-Environmental errors:-
- Effect of humidity.
- Effect of pressure
Effect of temperature
2) OBSERVATION ERRORS:-
These are errors introduced by the observer. these errors occur due to error while reading a meter, improper scale selection etc.
3) SCHEMATIC ERRORS:-
- It is subdivided into static or dynamic errors.
- Static errors are due to limitations of instrument .
Dynamic error occurs due to slow or sluggish response of the instrument.
4) RANDOM ERRORS:-
- These errors occur due to unknown causes.
- These errors are small and follow laws of probability.
- These errors can be treated mathematically.