written 8.7 years ago by |
Axioms of vector spaces:
- Closure Axioms (C)
- Addition Axioms (A)
- Scalar Multiplication Axioms (S)
1. Closure (C)
$C_{1}$: Since x + y = xy and x, y are real numbers
$\therefore$ V is closed under addition.
$C_{2}$: Since $kx = x^k$, where k is given as any scalar.
Hence $x^k$ is a real number.
$\therefore$ V is closed under scalar multiplication.
2. Addition (A)
$A_{1}$: Commutativity
$$x + y = xy = yx = y + x$$
$A_{2}$: Associativity
$$(x + y) + z = xy + z = x + yz = x + (y + z)$$
$A_{3}$: Existence of additive identity
$$x + 1 = x \\ 1 = x$$
for all x.
Here, 1 is zero for this operation of addition
$A_{4}$: Existence of additive inverse
$$x + \frac{1}{x} = x * \frac{1}{x} = 1$$
3. Scalar Multiplication
$M_{1}$: Distributivity of scalar multiplication
$$k(x + y) = kxy = (xy)^k \\ = x^k y^k = x^k + y^k \\ = kx + ky$$
$M_{2}$: Distributivity of scalars
$$(k + l)x = x^{k + l} = x^k * x^l \\ = x^k + x^l = kx + kl$$
$M_{3}$: Associative law of scalars
$$(kl)x = x^{kl} = (x^k)^l \\ = k(x)^l = k(lx)$$
$M_{4}$: Existence of multiplicative identity
$$1 * x = x^1 = x \\ \therefore 1 *x = x$$
for every x
Hence V is a vector space
written 3.2 years ago by | • modified 3.2 years ago |
Huihuihui mazaakk kar rahi thii , upper wale aadmi ne ghalat kara hai .. ye vector space form nahi kar rha :)