... As mentioned above two different scale ratios one for horizontal dimensions and other for vertical dimensions are taken for distorted models Let Lr$_{H}$ = scale ratio for horizontal dimensions $\frac{Lp}{Lm}=\frac{Bp}{Bm}$ Bp=Linear horizontal dimension (prototype) Bm=Linear horizontal dimensio ...

... **a) Undistorted models:-** - Those models which are geometrically similar to their prototype or in other words if the scale ratio for linear dimensions of model and its prototype is same the model is called as undistorted model - The behaviour of the prototype can be easily predicted from ...

... **discharge. If model experiences a force of 7500N (764.53kbf). determine force on the prototype** 1) For prototype Height hp=7.2m 2) For prototype length, Lp=15m 3) For prototype Discharge, Qp=94m$^{3}/s$ 4) For prototype Head, Hp=2.0m size of model =$\frac{1}{9]}$ of the size of prototype L ...

... **value in prototype?** 1) Liner scale ratio LR=20 2) Height of hydraulic jump in mode = hm=0.20m 3) Energy dissipated in model , Pm=$\frac{1}{10}$kN Step No (1) $\frac{hp}{hm}$=Lr =20 hp=hrn$\times$20 =0.20$\times$20 [hp=4m] Step No (2) Energy dissipated in prototype = FP $\frac{Pp}{Pm ...

... scale ratio of length Lr=40 velocity in model Vm=2m/s Discharge in model $\phi=2.4m^{3}s$ Let 'vp' and $\phi p$ be the velocity and discharge in prototype Step No 1) $\frac{vp}{vm}=\sqrt{Lr}$ =$\sqrt{40}$ Vp=Vm$\times \sqrt{40}$ =2$\times \sqrt{40}$ [Vp=12.65m/s] Step 2) $\frac{\phi}{\phi ...

... 1) It is the law in which the models are based on fraude number which means for dynamic similarity between model and prototype the fraude number for both of them should be equal 2) When the gravity force is my predominant force which controls the flow in addition to the force of inertia fraude m ...

... **between the model and its prototype . Take the value of kinematic viscosities for sea water and air as 0.012 stokes and 0.016 stokes respectively. The density for sea water and air is given as 1030 kg/m$^{3}$ and 1.24/m$^{3}$ respectively** For prototype speed , V$_{p}$=10m/s Fluid sea water ...

... 1) For dynamic similarity between the model and the prototype the ratio of the corresponding forces acting at the corresponding points in model and prototype should be equal 2) The ratio of the forces are dimensionless numbers 3) That means, for dynamic similarity between the model and prototype ...

... 1) " The numbers which are obtained by dividing the inertia force by viscous force or gravity force or pressure force or surface tension force or elastic force are called as Dimensionless Numbers" 2) As this is a ratio of one force to the other force it will be a dimensionless number 3) These Dim ...

... **dynamic viscosity '$\mu$ mass density'p' elasticity of fluid medium which can be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium 'c'** Thrust 'P' is a function of w,v,D,$\mu$,p,c P=f(w,v,D, $\mu$,p,c) or $f_{1}$=(P,w,V,D,$\mu$,p,c)=0.....(1) Total variables=7 writing dimensions of each variable, ...